![]() Effective pesticide application is a critical activity during crop production season that requires efficient spraying machinery with proper calibration as well as relevant regulations to reduce off-target spray deposition. During chemical plant protection practices, over application of pesticide or inefficient spraying equipment may cause serious issues on human health and the environment. Pesticide application utilizes the to a significant percentage of the production cost. The use of agrochemicals can effectively enhance the quantity and quality of crops, however, it increases the environmental risks in recent years. Efficient use of pesticides can helpful to control plant pests and diseases to increase the crop yields. Pesticide applications are considered significant during the plant protection practices in current agriculture. Researchers are conducting experimental studies on the design, development and testing of precision spraying technologies for crops and orchards. These advanced spraying technologies not only reduces the labour cost but also effective in environmental protection. The mechanized spraying system, usually implemented by highly precise equipment or mobile robots, which, makes possible the selective targeting of pesticide application on desire time and place. These technologies are under the “umbrella” of precision agriculture. ![]() Robotics and automatic spraying technologies like variable rate sprayers, UAV sprayers, and electrostatic sprayers are growing to Increase the utilization rate of pesticides, reduce pesticide residues, real-time, cost-saving, high compatibility of plant protection products application. From this point of view, the advancement in agriculture sprayer has been started in last few decades. For pesticide application, it is not the only sprayer that is essential, but all the parameters like the type and area of the plant canopy, area of a plant leaf, height of the crop, and volume of plants related to plant protection product applications are very important for obtaining better results. Spraying techniques continuously developed in recent decades. Conventional agricultural spraying techniques have made the inconsistency between economic growth and environmental protection in agricultural production. The application of fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides is one of the most recurrent and significant tasks in agriculture. Application of maximum pesticide products with the sprayer. Plant protection activities are most important practices during crop production.
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